As of , cannabis is legal for recreational use in 24 states in the country. These relaxed laws have made it possible for some cannabis producers and processors to get even more creative with the products they make available to the public.
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Cannabis extracts have always been popular, but a more intense, refined product has slowly taken center stage: cannabis distillates. Cannabis distillates are potent, pure, and flexible in how they can be used. Let's take a closer look at these cannabis products and how they are made.
What Is Cannabis Distillate Made Of?Cannabis distillate, simply put, is a super-concentrated extract created through the process of molecular distillation with cannabis distillation equipment. Cannabis distillates contain high levels of cannabinoids.
For example, THC distillate is often referred to as the most potent cannabis concentrate available, sometimes boasting as much as 99 percent pure tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
During the distillation process, a combination of heat and pressure separates the valuable cannabinoids from the other compounds found in the extract derived from the plant.
Cannabis Distillate vs Other Cannabis Concentrates
Most other cannabis concentrates are not as purely refined as cannabis distillates.
For example, if you have a live resin, you have a product that is potent, but it will also contain a lot of other plant compounds, specifically terpenes. This is because the live resin is created via methods that protect the terpenes found in the cannabis flower.
Both products have their value. Some people prefer concentrates that contain terpenes, while others are looking for concentrates more for their high cannabinoid content. During the cannabis distillation process, most of the flavor and aroma from terpenes are removed.
However, terpenes can be added back to cannabis products. For example, terpenes can be added to cannabis products like vape cartridges for enhanced flavor and desired effects.
Understanding the Distillation ProcessCannabis distillation is a complex process that relies on the principles of fractional distillation. It is a concept that uses the varying boiling points of the various compounds to separate them. Predominantly fractional distillation is used to extract products from crude petroleum, but the same process is used in the cannabis industry to isolate specific cannabinoids, primarily THC and CBD.
Key ConceptsThere are three main principles used to distill cannabis:
1. Fractional Distillation: It is a technique used to separate components in a chemical mixture into different parts (fractions) based on their boiling points. In cannabis distillation, it allows for the isolation of specific cannabinoids. Fractional distillation uses custom-made equipment to extract compounds from the cannabis plants. We will explore the apparatus used later in the article.
2. Boiling Points: The separation of compounds depends entirely on the differences in their boiling points. In the cannabis distillation process, mainly three cannabinoids are extracted:
THC, which boils at approximately 157°C (315°F)
CBD boiling at approximately 160-180°C (320-356°F)
CBN which has a boiling point of approximately 185°C (365°F)
3. Separation of Cannabinoids: By precise and careful control of temperature and pressure, distillation equipment can separate and collect different cannabinoids, resulting in highly pure extracts.
Preparation Before DistillationTo ensure that the cannabis distillates are pure and potent, there is some preparation needed before the distillation process begins. This involves two main steps: sourcing and preparing raw materials and initial extraction.
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Sourcing and Preparing Raw MaterialsYou cannot expect to extract high-quality cannabis distillate if the raw material used is not of superior quality. Starting with cannabis plants with high terpene percentage and cannabinoid content is essential. Another factor is the absence of contaminants.
The next step is to prepare cannabis for the initial extraction process. To ensure that the terpene and cannabinoid profile is strong, it is necessary to harvest cannabis at peak maturity. The next step is to dry the cannabis to minimize the moisture content to prevent mold and bacterial growth. It is followed by the curing process that further reduces moisture. Curing is necessary because it forces the plants to use sugars and starches present before these ingredients dry out and get stuck in the cannabinoids. It is necessary to enhance flavor and potency.
The last step involves trimming any excess plant material from dried content and testing for potency and potential contaminants.
Initial Extraction MethodsBefore cannabis distillation, cannabinoids must be extracted from the plant material. As distillation uses the boiling point to separate components, it cannot work with the plant content present; instead, it requires cannabis oil.
Cannabis oil can be extracted using one of the following methods:
: A simple process that uses supercritical CO2 to pull cannabinoids from the plant material. CO2 at supercritical temperature and pressure acts as both liquid and gas, producing clean extracts.
: This extraction process uses food-grade ethanol as a solvent for dissolving the cannabinoids from the plant extracts. The process is efficient and can be scaled easily. However, it may co-extract unwanted compounds, requiring intensive post-processing.
: Hydrocarbons like butane or propane are used as solvents in this process. The process requires more care and expensive equipment as hydrocarbons have high flammability.
The crude oil extracted using one of the above extraction processes is then prepared for distillation. It involves four basic steps:
Winterization: Ethanol is used to dissolve fats, lipids, and waxes in the cannabinoid oil, and then the mixture is frozen for separation.
Filtration: Simple filters are used to remove particulates and other impurities.
Decarboxylation: Heating the extract to convert THCA and CBDA into their active forms (THC and CBD)
Solvent Removal: If solvents are used for extraction, evaporation is used to remove any remaining solvents.
After these steps, we move on to produce high-quality distillates.
'What is a distillate cart' is a common question posed by newbies who may feel overwhelmed by the number of vaping options on offer at their local dispensary. Dispensaries, including our locations in Seattle, WA, will typically stock two types of oil more abundantly than others: distillate and live resin.
For people who are new to vaping, it's important to know the difference between these two oils. The question of which is better ultimately comes down to personal preference. However, understanding the main differences can help you choose the products that best fit your needs.
Distillate is one of the purest forms of cannabis concentrate; it consists of almost 100% pure cannabinoids. During the distillation process, all plant material including lipids and fats'as well as other compounds like the plant's terpenes'are removed. This leaves an extremely pure form of the desired cannabinoid; this is commonly THC, but could also be CBD or CBG. The resulting oil won't contain the flavors or aromas associated with the plant it came from. For that reason, it is commonly used as a base for edibles and vape cartridges.
When purchasing a distillate cart, it's vitally important to understand the difference between THC and CBD. Whereas THC is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis that causes you to feel high, CBD is not psychoactive and is more commonly used for therapeutic reasons.
Because of its extreme potency'distillates can reach over 99% purity'THC distillate is a product that should be used sparingly. This is especially true for inexperienced cannabis users or those who haven't tried distillates before.
Distillate is made using specialized equipment to extract the active compounds from the cannabis plant and then distill this extract to isolate the target cannabinoid.
During the first stage, a solvent like CO2, ethanol, butane, or propane is used to dissolve the active compounds from the plant biomass. Fats and waxes are also typically extracted along with cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes. The crude oil created through this process will typically contain 60-80% THC. This oil is then further purified via distillation to separate the target cannabinoid from the rest of the extract's components.
Distillates and liquid live resin are both cannabis concentrates. Though distillate and liquid live resin share some characteristics, there are some fundamental differences that change how the user will experience the product.
The main difference between distillate and liquid live resin is that live resin retains almost all of the cannabinoids and terpenes found in the plant at the time of harvest whereas distillates don't retain any terpenes after the refinement process.
There are also other important differences in the extraction process, potency, and smoking experience of distillate vs LLR:
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